Skip to content

Human Factors

Premise liability

For premise cases, we determine if the surface in question was slippery and if the hazard was able to be seen or detected (open and obvious).

A pothole in a paved surface

Overall, we analyze and evaluate typical pedestrian behavior and how we expect someone to interact with their world. We evaluate the visibility of premises under the specific illumination that was present during the incident, using the same calibrated luminance and contrast methods we apply to any nighttime visibility analysis. This allows us to determine if an area, such as a parking stop, pot hole, curb, or other object, is expected to be seen and detected. We also utilize methodologies to ensure we have captured and can display fair and accurate nighttime photographs and video of the area. We can measure and quantify the slip resistance of a surface and determine if a pedestrian is expected to slip or not based on published and peer-reviewed literature. We also analyze the effectiveness of warnings and other signage.

Scope

What this covers

Types of incidents

  • Slips, trips, and falls
  • Stairs and stairways
  • Walkways and vertical discontinuities in sidewalks
  • Parking stops, platforms, and uncovered holes
  • Flooring surfaces and deposited or spilled materials

Analysis

  • Surface traction and slip resistance measurement
  • Illumination adequacy and uniformity
  • Visibility and conspicuity
  • Stairway and walking-surface negotiation
  • Pedestrian gaze behavior and expectancy
  • Typical pedestrian behavior
  • Warning signs, product warnings, and signage conspicuity

Gallery

Peer-reviewed research

Published work behind this practice area

Authored by our experts and peer-reviewed by external experts.

All publications

Who does this work

Experts on this practice area

Justin Ngo

PE, ACTAR

Accident reconstruction, human factors, and vehicle testing

  • Heavy truck and passenger vehicle reconstruction
  • Human factors: perception, attention, and response
  • Premise slip, trip, and fall analysis
  • Vehicle testing, instrumentation, and data analysis

4 publications

Jeffrey Suway

PE, ACTAR

Visibility and conspicuity, human factors, and accident reconstruction

  • Night visibility and conspicuity
  • Lighting issues
  • Human factors
  • Accident reconstruction

27 publications

Request a case review

Send us the incident location, the date, and what is in dispute. We'll discuss what analysis is possible with the evidence that exists, and what it would take to get.